Scope windows

Rather than a specific IP address, you can specify a subnet, a list of IP addresses or subnets, or both. For example, if you wanted to allow communication with all computers on the Indiana University campus, you could choose Custom list and enter:. Although that range is not perfect, it should allow interaction with almost every IU computer while blocking access from any non-IU computer.

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How you found the violation and any other useful info. Submit Cancel. System Requirements Minimum Your device must meet all minimum requirements to open this product OS Windows 10 version Recommended Your device should meet these requirements for the best experience OS Windows 10 version Open in new tab. Sign me up Stay informed about special deals, the latest products, events, and more from Microsoft Store. As an example, if you raise the domain functional level to Windows Server , Windows domain controllers cannot be added to the domain.

According to Microsoft, domain local groups DLGs are used when assigning permissions or user rights. While we've loosely mentioned this in regard to all groups, it is this specific group scope that Microsoft wants you to use when modifying the access control list ACL of an object such as a file, or assigning a user right.

Other groups will be added to a DLG to have their members receive the group's assigned permissions or rights. In a Windows mixed functional level domain, domain local groups can consist of users, computers, and global groups from the domain the DLG exists in, and any trusted domain. When the functional level of the domain is raised to Windows native or Windows Server , a DLG can also contain other domain local groups from its local domain, as well as universal groups.

Despite the fact that this group type can contain users and computers directly, it is important to remember that Microsoft recommends that you use it to contain other groups, which themselves contain users or computers. Specific scenarios regarding this usage are presented later in the chapter. Microsoft specifies global groups GGs as the primary container for user and computer objects. Their models often call for grouping users according to role, function, responsibility, or department into global groups.

For example, all members of the benefits team might be members of both an HR global group and a Benefits global group. In a Windows mixed functional level domain, a GG can contain users and computers from the same domain in which it exists. When the functional level of the domain is raised to Windows native or Windows Server , a GG can also contain other GGs from its local domain.

Unlike global and domain local groups, universal groups UGs are not stored at the domain partition level of Active Directory. They reside in the Global Catalog GC. Because of this, adding or removing objects from a universal group triggers forest-wide replication. Microsoft recommends that other groups, and not individual user and computer accounts, be the primary members of a UG. Such members are much less likely to change. For example, if you add a user to a UG, it triggers forest-wide replication.

When you later remove that user, it again triggers forest-wide replication. However, if you add a user to a GG, which is a member of the UG, no forest-wide replication is triggered. GGs have their membership maintained at the domain level, so only domain level replication is triggered. Likewise, removing the user from the GG triggers domain level replication, not forest-wide replication. Universal security groups do not exist in a Windows mixed functional level domain.

When the functional level of the domain is raised to Windows native or Windows Server , universal security groups can contain domain users, computer accounts, and global groups from any trusted domain, as well as other universal groups.

Table 3. Members can include domain user accounts, computer accounts, and global groups from any trusted domain; as well as other universal groups.

Members can include user accounts, computer accounts, and other global groups from the domain in which the global group exists. Members can include user accounts, computer accounts, and global groups from the domain the DLG exists in or any trusted domain; universal groups; as well as other domain local groups from the domain in which the DLG exists. Members can include user accounts, computer accounts, and global groups from the domain the DLG exists in or any trusted domain.

As if the concept of group scopes wasn't confusing enough, when a domain is operating at the Windows native or Windows Server functional levels, an administrator can change an existing group's scope.

Universal groups can be converted to global or domain local groups, and global and domain local groups can be converted to universal groups. However, global groups cannot be converted directly to domain local groups and vice versa.

The rules governing this are much easier than they first appear.